Gambling is a popular pastime that involves wagering something of value on a random event with the hope of winning something else of value. The act of gambling may involve skill as well, but there is always an element of risk and uncertainty in the outcome. Many people gamble for fun or to socialize with friends, but a small subset of those who engage in gambling will develop pathological gambling, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the DSM-5). Pathological gambling is associated with significant negative personal and family consequences.
Despite the wide popularity of casinos and the availability of casino games on the Internet, most Americans do not gamble at all or only occasionally, and most people who gamble do not experience problems. However, a large number of individuals who start gambling will eventually develop pathological gambling or other types of problem gambling. The frequency, duration, and severity of these problems increase with the level, chronicity, and intensity of gambling involvement. A variety of psychosocial and medical complications arise from gambling, including mood disorders such as depression, stress, and anxiety; substance use problems; financial difficulties; and impaired work performance.
People with gambling disorders often make repeated attempts to control their behavior, but are unable to do so. They may feel a strong urge to gamble, even when they are tired or angry. They also experience distress when they lose money gambling and may lie to conceal their involvement in gambling. They may also jeopardize important relationships, careers, educational or professional opportunities, and/or financial security to indulge in gambling. These people are more likely to be men and young people, and they tend to start gambling at a younger age than others.
A major reason for the widespread popularity of gambling is that it is an inexpensive form of entertainment. Casinos, racetracks, and online gaming sites offer a large selection of games, with high jackpots, frequent promotions, and attractive advertisements. It is easy to spend more money than you can afford to lose, so be sure to play responsibly.
While many people enjoy gambling and do not experience any harm, some people who gamble can become addicted to the activity. It is estimated that up to 5% of those who gamble will develop a gambling disorder. People who start gambling at a young age are particularly susceptible to developing an addiction, and they may have more to gain from a big win than those who begin gambling later in life.
It is important for those who are at risk of developing a gambling disorder to seek treatment. Counseling is the most effective treatment for gambling disorders, and there are several different kinds of therapy that can help. Some of these include cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and group therapy. In addition, some doctors can prescribe medications to treat co-occurring conditions, such as depression or anxiety.